Once the intro period ends commercial projects will need a subscription. now) it's also free for commercial projects. The second command gives you a complete download site with self-signed packages for every OS - it actually is that straightforward.įeatures currently in flight include making RPMs/dnf repos, improved support for CLI and server apps, and automatic icon generation/rendering.įree for open source projects, and during the introductory period (i.e. You can make a JavaFX app (in Java) or a Jetpack Compose app (in Kotlin) with one command. Get started fast with the built in app template generator. On Windows, CLI apps appear automatically in your PATH without needing to restart any terminals, and the custom JVM launcher makes ANSI and Unicode work in the terminal automatically (i.e. We use Conveyor created packages to manage our own servers, both for our in-house apps and re-packagings of JetBrains team tools.Ĭonveyor has some support for CLI apps and is packaged with itself, although full support will come in a future release (you currently are expected to supply a minimal GUI entrypoint yourself so something happens when the user double clicks the icon, that will be done for you soon). If containers aren't really your thing, you might like this: Conveyor can automatically systemd-ify your service such that the server is started automatically on boot, cleanly shut down, restarted across upgrades, and even sandboxed. It's good for developer tools, open source apps, internal apps etc.ĭerive all the keys needed for every platform from a single piece of root entropy, which is expressed as words so you can write it down with a pen and paper. Self-sign, for people who don't need/want signing certs. You just have to supply your Apple Developer cert and app specific password in the config. you can code-sign and notarize Mac apps from Linux or Windows, which is a unique ability. Use Apple/Windows code signing certificates from any OS, i.e. The Mac apps are combined with the popular Sparkle 2 framework for automatic software updates. Also, Windows can avoid downloading file blocks that the user already has on disk even if they come from totally different apps and websites, so if your users already have a JVM in another MSIX installed it'll re-use as much as it can to speed up the download. MSIX packages are updated in the background by Windows itself. The whole thing is just a CLI app driven by a config file. Signs and notarizes them entirely by itself, without needing any operating system specific tools.Ĭreates a download site with update metadata, and a download HTML page that auto detects the user's operating system and CPU. by fixing the Windows terminal so CLI apps can use ANSI escapes and emoji out of the box.Ĭreate MSIX packages for Windows. Supply a custom launcher that improves the execution environment, e.g. Use jdeps and jlink to minify and optimize it. You can give it a Gradle/Maven project or just a collection of JARs and it will:Īutomatically download the right JDK for each platform. Although it works for any type of app, it has especially good JVM integration. Now go back to the install window and continue.Conveyor is a new tool that lets you easily package self-updating apps for any desktop/server OS, from any OS. rootĮdit -> dpkg -refuse-downgrade -i -force-all *.deb And then open setup.sh as root (!) and edit the dpkg command and save It will be in the same folder as where your install script is located When it does, WAIT and do NOT continue, but leave it alone for a while and use your favorite text editor and enter the folder named st-stm32cubeide_1.0.1_3139_20190612_1256_b_bundle.sh. Then the script asks for permission to execute.: Hit Y to proceed.The bundle is extracted. The script will then ask when it is about to run the setup.sh script for your confirmation to extract the bundle This may be done simply by adding -confirm as an option when running the install script You need to halt installation process before this happens, but after the unpacking of the bundle One problem though, this folder with script and deb packages are auto generated and removed right after execution. The script setup.sh runs the deb packages using commandīy changing this command in the script before it is running by adding -force-all, the script will succeed installing the rules.ĭpkg -refuse-downgrade -i -force-all *.deb Here the install script extracts the bundled deb packages including. root at the end, and located in the same folder as the install script. Ĭreates a temp folder with the same name as the bundle script +.
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The passband ripple is 0.01 dB and the stopband attenuation is 80 dB. The stopband-edge frequency is determined as a result of the design.ĭesign a lowpass FIR filter for data sampled at 48 kHz. This function designs optimal equiripple lowpass/highpass FIR filters with specified passband/stopband ripple values and with a specified passband-edge frequency. (a) Magnitude response (b) phase angle response. Figure 1 Bode plots for a low-pass RC filter the frequency variable is normalized to /0. Figure 1 shows the Bode magnitude and phase plots for the filter. In the DSP System Toolbox, the preferred function for lowpass FIR filter design with a specified order is firceqrip. This frequency response function has a constant of value K 1 and a simple pole with cutoff frequency 0 1/ 1/RC. FIR design functions in the Signal Processing Toolbox (including fir1, firpm, and firls) are all capable of designing lowpass filters with a specified order. Another common scenario is when you have computed the available computational budget (MIPS) for your implementation and this affords you a limited filter order. One such case is if you are targeting hardware which has constrained the filter order to a specific number. There are many practical situations in which you must specify the filter order. FIR Lowpass Designs - Specifying the Filter Order However, the use of minimum-phase and multirate designs can result in FIR filters comparable to IIR filters in terms of group delay and computational efficiency. IIR filters also tend to have a shorter transient response and a smaller group delay. IIR filters are generally computationally more efficient in the sense that they can meet the design specifications with fewer coefficients than FIR filters. IIR filters (in particular biquad filters) are used in applications (such as audio signal processing) where phase linearity is not a concern. I tried use the function zpbutt, but I that doesn't worked to me. FIR filters are also used in many high-speed implementations such as FPGAs or ASICs because they are suitable for pipelining. I'm trying to filter an audio signal, but I cannot find an IIR filter function in scilab which I can combine with the other function of my code to give an numerator and denominator which I call b2 and a2(2 section). FIR filters also tend to be preferred for fixed-point implementations because they are typically more robust to quantization effects. You generally choose FIR filters when a linear phase response is important. When designing a lowpass filter, the first choice you make is whether to design an FIR or IIR filter. Alternatively, some programs, notably PC games, require that the DLL file is placed in the game/application installation folder.įor detailed installation instructions, see our FAQ. In the vast majority of cases, the solution is to properly reinstall api.dll on your PC, to the Windows system folder. Try installing the program again using the original installation media or contact your system administrator or the software vender for support. It provides access to advanced functionality that comes in addition to the kernel. Advapi32.dll is a part of the advanced API services library. This file is part of Microsoft Windows Operating System, usually located in the SYSTEM sub-folder, like C:\Windows\System32 folder.
While 6 simultaneous connections might not be enough, you can manually install the VPN on your router for full household coverage. Subscribers benefit from high-quality features, some of the greatest speeds in the industry, and responsive 24/7 live chat if any questions arise. Plus, they boast broad device compatibility, so you can stream Harry Potter on your go-to devices.Įnthusiasts will be streaming Harry Potter movies in no time with NordVPN. Best VPNs to watch Harry Potter on NetflixĪll providers have servers in Australia, robust tools for bypassing geo-blocks, and speeds so great you’ll be watching the magic unfold in glorious 4K HD quality. Lastly, you’ll be able to defeat all kinds of geo-blocks, not just the ones Netflix has. It also decreases the chances of being targeted by hackers, as they can’t exactly attack someone they can’t get information about. No third parties, including your Internet Service Provider (ISP), will be able to track your online movements. The best thing is that you will not only be able to watch Harry Potter movies on Netflix but also stay private and anonymous online. Your IP address gets hidden and all internet traffic encrypted in the process, making it appear as if you’re in that region.Īnd once Netflix recognizes that you’re in the “correct” place, it instantly fetches you the appropriate library. This technology lets you virtually relocate to another country by connecting to a VPN server. How can I watch Harry Potter movies on Netflix?Īs we hinted previously, the spell is pretty simple – reliable VPN providers. Instead, you’ll need something that isn’t fictional but can still teleport you to a different location – a VPN. So, which country has Harry Potter on Netflix in 2023? Australia!īefore you get all gloomy, we should add that we have found a way around these geo-restrictions, and you won’t need a magic wand. In fact, you won’t find the movies in countless other foreign libraries either unless you know where to look. Now for the bad news: Harry Potter films are unavailable on Netflix US. Watch Harry Potter with NordVPN Is Harry Potter on Netflix? Binge-watch Harry Potter to your heart’s content!.Go to the Netflix Australia website or launch the app.Install the VPN on your device and connect to a country that has all the Harry Potter movies available. In case you missed their Friday live stream, catch it below. If you need to download and install the latest VC redist from Microsoft, you can grab it here. In a livestream last week, City State Entertainment. As you might have seen in the email that was sent a few days ago, this will result in a faster download/install, and it will require *all* of our Backers to use the latest VC redist from Microsoft. The developer of Kickstarter MMO Camelot Unchained has responded to community uproar by letting backers play a live battle with 1000 NPCs. Tech – Installer: Tim has built a new installer for CU. The next step is to get this data to a more physics-brained engineer, so we can get this issue addressed and added to the game. He also identified the general area in the code which causes NPCs to interpenetrate much more frequently than we’ve seen in the past. He found that our biggest performance hits come when several character controller capsules interpenetrate. WIP – Tech – Performance: Wylie investigated a performance issue seen when dealing with high numbers of NPCs. Understanding the problem, though, as always is 90% of the battle, and we expect a fix fairly quickly. He has narrowed down (what he thinks is) the final major problem with generating the navmesh polygons, but doesn’t quite have a way to fix it yet. This was causing the navmesh to not label some vertices with the proper information, and causing some holes to appear. He fixed problems with invalid polygons being generated for obstacles, and now we have a reliable way to split self-intersecting (complex) polygons. WIP – Tech – Navmesh: Lee continued on his navmesh quest this week. Several support components exploit enemies with a maxed-out panic resource, locking up movement or preventing certain kinds of abilities from being used. Stamina locks at 0 for a bit when you’re exhausted, and Panic will lock at your MaxPanic stat for a bit when it reaches that threshold. Panic, as we discussed last week, is a stat that functions a lot like Stamina. WIP – Tech – Game play: This week, Anthony added a few more Minstrel harmonies, including their panic abusers. Camelot Unchained is meant to be the spiritual successor of Mark Jacobs Dark Age of Camelot and seeks to become one of the newest PvP-focused MMORPGs on the block. Camelot Unchained’s Beta 2 is open to backers today, according to a new roundup from the team.ĭuration: 3 hours: 12pm – 3pm EDT / 9am – 12pm PDT / 6pm – 9pm CEST ( Get localization)Īdditionally, highlights for last week include: The co-leaders are Elaine Martin, MLS, DA, Director and Chief Administrative Office, Countway Library, Harvard Medical School, and Rong Tang, Ph.D., Associate Professor, School of Library and Information Science, Simmons University. The leadership and faculty of the RDMLA is a unique partnership and collaboration between a library and information science academic program, six academic health sciences and research libraries, and an information analytics company – with Elsevier funding the program. Successful test-takers will receive a certificate from Simmons SLIS recognizing their CE credits. Learners will have two attempts to achieve a passing grade to earn three CE credits in the subject of research data management. The optional CE credits assessment test is available to those who have completed the entirety of the RDMLA course and have paid the $100 USD CE administrative fee. In February 2020, the RDMLA partnered with the School of Library and Information Science (SLIS) at Simmons University to offer continuing education (CE) credits to interested learners! While the course is currently available to English-speaking individuals, there are future plans to provide translated versions to serve a broader audience. In a continued commitment to bridging learning gaps, three additional units – data copyright, data ethics, and data curation - are under development. The RDMLA curriculum is based on an extensive needs-assessment and existing training inventory survey. Overview of Platform Tools (OSF, Figshare, Mendeley Data, and others).Overview of Coding Tools (Python and Jupyter Notebooks).Data Analysis and Visualization Tools (R and Tableau).Foundations of Research Data Management (RDM).The content has been thoughtfully designed to be practical and easily applied to a librarian’s daily data management workflow. The RDMLA consists of eight self-paced, asynchronous units that focus on the knowledge and skills needed to collaborate with researchers and other stakeholders on data management. In October 2019, RDMLA, a free, global online professional development program designed by librarians for librarians and information professionals was launched Its easy cataloging, customizable fields, loan tracking, innovative collections, and powerful searching capabilities make it easy to keep track of your books, movies, music, and more.Does the term research data management intrigue you? Do you want to deepen your engagement with the research lifecycle of your institution? Do you want to refresh or learn data management skills? If you answered yes to any of these questions, the Research Data Management Librarian Academy (RDMLA) is for you! It is an excellent choice if you're looking for a powerful and intuitive cataloging solution. Q: Can I import my existing collection into it?Ī: It allows you to import your existing collection from various formats, including CSV and tab-delimited text files.Ī: It allows you to export your collection to various formats, including CSV and tab-delimited text files.Ī: Currently, it is only available for MacOS, but the developers have plans to offer a mobile version in the future. Technical Details and System Requirements Powerful searching: It makes it easy to find items in your collection by offering powerful searching capabilities, including the ability to search by multiple criteria and save search templates.Innovative collections: With this, you can create innovative collections, which are dynamically updated collections based on specific criteria, such as all items in your collection that were published in a particular year. Loan tracking: It allows you to keep track of items you've loaned to friends and family, so you never have to worry about losing track of your items or who has them. Customizable fields: In addition to the standard fields, it allows you to add your custom fields, so you can track information that's important to you, such as the date you acquired an item or its condition.
Some people prefer using Dragonflight but rng is cruel so meh. Lastly you would want to change it to Earth Shatterer when you sell all your buildings at the end of the ascension for more Chocolate eggs cookies. Then when you want to buy something either Master of the Armory or Fierce Hoarder. Web Cookie Clickers Gameplay 26 - Dragonflight - YouTube 0:00 / 12:33 Cookie Clickers Gameplay 26 - Dragonflight 18,387 views Thanks for watching Author: LazeeLlama Views: 19.4K. You want to change it to Dragon orb to do a huge golden cookie clicker combo when you feel like it (then switching to something else). Cookie Clickers Gameplay 26 - Dragonflight - YouTube. You want to change it to Dragon's Curve everytime you need to get a sugar lump or you leave your pc to sleep and the lump rippens during the night. Usually it should be Radiant Appetite (then very late game Breath of milk, and very very late game Elder Battalion) since more cookies is something that's always nice. Then the second slot should always be changing. Ive so far been using Radiant Appetite, but Ive been thinking about going back to dragonflight or dragon harvest.Depends on your progress and what you want to do.įor general purposes, reality bending is the best since it helps with everything achievement related (more golden cookies, more lumps, chances for dragon cookies, etc) and after beta becomes public it will become even better because it will help with stock market. CpS * frenzy * dragonflight * 22 seconds * 5 clicks/secondĭragonflight is 15% and about 30 GC an hour which would mean 4.5 chances each hour that the DF comes up after a frenzy. Search: Cookie Clicker Ascension Strategy. I don't know the calculated probability, but it is not uncommon to go 2 hours without seeing one and then catch 2 or 3 in a single hour. Web Now equip Radiant Appetite and Dragon Harvest and start clicking away on Golden Cookies. Cookie Clicker is a popular online incremental game where the goal of the game is to generate as many cookies as possible Cookie Clicker: orteil In this unblocked version, you still be able to apply cheats without inspect.Cookie Clicker save file Raw cookie. DragonFlight & Dragon Harvest : r/CookieClicker - reddit. It seems to average out to a little more common than once per hour.ĬpS * 60 * 2 * 666 + (CpS * 666 * 13 * 5) =ĬpS * basic reindeer * double upgrade * elder frenzy plus what you get from clicking. REDDIT DRAGONFLIGHT COOKIE CLICKER UPGRADE This does not take into account the Wrinkler math but, it doesn't matter because Eldeer would have to be more common than F+DF and they just aren't. Even though you only need the Elder Frenzy that is set at 3% but, when trying to keep cookies lined up with reindeer, your GC count drops into the 28 per hour range, so roughly 3 times every 4 hours. If you are letting the game go, then Radiant Appetite and Breath of Milk will provide a lot of cookie production. (Cookie chains will create the illusion of a lot more GC clicked per hour but there is precisely zero possibility that the second, third. The Cookie is a Clicker accessory that can be bought from the Merchant for 2. If you only have one aura slot (have not sacrificed 200 of each building), then Dragonflight when actively playing, and Radiant appetite when you are not would probably be most effective. When equipped, it causes a cookie to fade in and out at a random location within the players clicker radius over the course of 5 seconds, every 10 seconds. If you have not yet gotten Radiant Appetite.Ĭlicking on the cookie will grant the player the Cookie buff, granting the player 10 increased click damage. REDDIT DRAGONFLIGHT COOKIE CLICKER UPGRADEĮighth cookie in a cookie chain will be an elder frenzy. In the desert and snowy zones, it’s still not good. ago I’m the original biomes, it runs as expected and runs quite well. has the game changed in the last year 0 3 comments Best Add a Comment cmk1523 11 hr. As the central character to the introduction of the lore, will Moe be a part of the in-game story experience or was this the conclusion of her journey? With Icarus slated to release sometime in 2021, these questions will hopefully get answers soon. we are checking if the game is still in need of optimization and go all the way to stone buildings in this episode of Sunday Shenanigans. One question in particular pertains to the fate of Moe, a biologist who was also part of the terraforming team, and whom the First Cohort had to leave behind. Explore a savage wilderness in the aftermath of terraforming gone wrong. No Rescue was able to provide a lot of lore, but it also raised quite a few questions. ICARUS is a PvE survival game for up to eight players. For now, though, Exotics are still a bit of a mystery that will take time to unravel. Exotics may hold high value due to their scarcity and variety of applications, but some have the potential to be toxic or even radioactive to organic cells. Contents 1 Achievement/trophy 2 Game mode 2.1 Gameplay differences 2.2. Members of the First Cohort continue to talk about its value and how it differs on Icarus versus on Earth: On Icarus's harsh world, it can get explorers a better suit or rifle, but on Earth it has seemingly indescribable value. A Warzone 2 expert has revealed their Icarus 556 loadout which they are claiming. What is never answered, however, is what exactly Exotics are. Another prospector offers his perspective by asking the question, " Doesn't it feel like a coincidence that they declared the planet uninhabitable just when they discovered the most valuable material in the universe?" From this perspective, the planet may be inhabitable and the terraforming effort was going just fine until this rare resource was found and ignited an interstellar gold-rush. In No Rescue, one of the First Cohort prospectors interviewed said that the Exotics " screwed with the enzymes" but doesn't elaborate. It's not yet clear how the Exotics were able to interfere with a planet-wide terraforming effort that was initially successful. This seemed to go wrong at some point due to the discovery of Exotics, a rare and valuable resource not found anywhere else. Salant's unending hunger for power is now on a mission to free Zelnaris and bring darkness back into the world.The initial purpose of going to Icarus was to terraform the planet. It was going well enough, with biomes like forests beginning to emerge and biologists successfully able to introduce modified wildlife from Earth that quickly adapted to the alien world. Peace may have come for a long time, but the dark energy surrounding the Demonic Stone has now corrupted and engulfed others into doing it's bidding. The once prosperous Acryon civilization, being the frontline of defense against the threat of the Fallen Legion is now on the verge of collapse until two heroes symbolizing the Sun and the Moon sealed Zelnaris and stopping his army once and for all. Zelnaris and his Fallen Legion now hunts for Icarus and has waged war to the natives of Midellas. One day, Icarus lost two of it's wings because of the goddess of darkness and fell to Midellas weak and vulnerable. Anyone and anything that interacts with them are blessed with tremendous power. Spawned from Icarus, 13 celestial familiars now protects the balance of the entire universe and contains the pure energy of the goddesses. anyway That little 3DS game packed more gameplay than a lot of so-called AAA titles. There, Icarus, the source of all familiars was born. PushDustIn (PushDustIn) Are you a fan of Kid Icarus: Uprising. Call of Duty Modern Warfare 2 gameplay leaked Is a massive overhaul. Once upon a time, 'Asbelia', a pocket universe was created by the goddesses of light and dark. Xenoblade and Kid Icarus Missing from NPDs April Chart Nintendo Life For different. I felt him slipping from my grasp, my greatest fears becoming my reality, my love tested in ways I wasn’t sure I was strong enough to bear.Īt the brightest time in our lives, the darkness of his past encroached and threatened everything we’d worked so hard for. Instead they opened old wounds, exposed pain and insecurities, and lured bitter enemies out of the shadows. The vows we’d exchanged should have bound us tighter than blood and flesh. My gorgeous, wounded warrior, so determined to slay my demons while refusing to face his own. Gideon calls me his angel, but he’s the miracle in my life. I’m sad to break up with Gideon and Eva, but I don’t really think I can handle one more disappointing book in their world. Unfortunately, skillful prose isn’t enough to keep me reading the Crossfire series. Her way with words draws the reader in, which is probably the reason I actually finished Captivated by You. And nothing that really moved the plot forward, especially for Gideon.ĭon’t get me wrong, Ms. The side stories-Megumi, Mark & Steven, Carey, and Gideon’s exes-seemed superficial and really had no resolution, no change in the way things were happening. I don’t get the motivation to not work through his issues, especially when it means he can’t sleep in bed with Eva-supposedly the love of his life, the one that makes him whole. Especially when he has something to strive for-being the man he wants to be for Eva. But a billionaire should get his act together and work through his issues. Hell, life hasn’t been picture-perfect for anyone. The character seemed even more whiny than in the previous book. Eva and Gideon-especially Gideon-irritated the hell out of me by the end of the book. The plot arc was minimally progressed, and I felt that the words were gratuitous-that I had four hours of my life that I’d never get back. What annoyed me: the story really went nowhere. I liked seeing Eva continue to be kick-ass, for the most part. I liked revisiting the supporting characters. What I liked: I liked seeing Eva and Gideon again. There wasn’t that much plot happening and wasn’t a lot of development that happened with the characters to warrant 350-plus pages. To be honest, I think that this entire book could have been done in 100 pages or less. However, the only reason I finished this title was in the hope that there’d be a big reveal at the end that would keep me entrenched in the series. I wanted to really like this book, and that especially holds true for Captivated by You. With that said, I’m breaking up with the Crossfire series, which kills my slightly obsessive-compulsive need to finish something I’ve started. Unless something happens that really irritates me. Once I start a series, I read it through until the end. In the midst of the year of mourning, the three oldest girls-Azalea, Bramble and Clover-also fall in love and get engaged to be married.I knew what I was getting into when I chose to read Captivated by You by Sylvia Day. The relationship with their father also develops into a more loving and normal relationship. As the novel unfolds, the girls learn valuable lessons in life from the dances they learn. In the meantime, the girls are learning how to make it through life without a mother, and a father who is emotionally absent. The payment requires the girls to find the magic item in the palace and break it so that Keeper can be set free. The catch is that he wants to collect on the payment for allowing the girls to dance in the pavilion. Eventually, however, Keeper reveals to Azalea that he is the former King who is responsible for "magicking" the palace. He tells the girls they can come and dance their hearts out at the pavilion whenever they wish. Keeper, who is the man that runs the pavilion and the silver forest, possesses magic of his own. Since the girls are forbidden from dancing, which is their favorite pastime, while in mourning for their mother, they sneak away on a nightly basis to dance in the pavilion in the silver forest. She rubs her late mother's silver-threaded handkerchief on the initials and discovers a secret passageway to a silver forest. Azalea stumbles onto a brick marked with the initials of the King that is rumored to have "magicked" the palace. When Azalea discovers that the palace they live in is magic, she also learns there are secret passageways and rooms in the palace. Set in England, two families are entwined in a 600 year old. As the oldest, Azalea is also in line to become queen. Plot Summary: A modern day Romeo & Juliet tale with debts, deaths, and ultimate family betrayal. Azalea is the oldest of 12 girls, so she promises her mother on her deathbed that she will take care of her sisters. The story follows the main character, Azalea, as she tries to put the pieces of her life back together after losing her mother. Entwined is a novel by author Heather Dixon. Moreover, lead leg gluteus medius activity was inversely related to the rate of axial pelvis rotation during arm-cocking phase, as well as directly related to the rate of axial pelvis rotation at maximal external rotation, indicating a two-fold role of the gluteus medius, serving as a pelvic stabilizer and controlling the rate of axial pelvis rotation. The gluteus maximus is more active on the trail leg, while the gluteus medius is more active on the lead leg. 5 Hip abductors that exhibit high activity during pitching include the gluteus maximus and medius. 10–12 The lead leg (contralateral to the throwing arm) functions to decelerate the knee, provide a stable base, and absorb the force transferred from the deceleration and follow through phases. On the trail leg (ipsilateral to the throwing arm) the abductors function to stabilize the pelvis and provide balance during the wind-up and early cocking phases. The hip abductor muscle group also has a direct influence on both lower extremities during throwing. 9 Moreover, greater trunk lean occurred in participants with hip weakness despite increased activation of the trunk musculature. During a dynamic single-leg landing task, individuals with hip abductor and extensor weakness had increased trunk lean towards the stance limb. They also have an indirect effect on motion at the trunk via the attachment of the gluteus maximus to the pelvis and lumbar spine, via the thoracolumbar fascia. The hip abductor muscle group has a direct effect on motion at the hip via their proximal and distal attachment sites. 2–4 Disruptions in the kinetic chain can increase forces at the shoulder and elbow, and these increased forces have been associated with arm injuries in baseball players. 1,2 Any alterations in proximal segmental sequencing or force transfer can alter the kinetics and kinematics at the distal joints, leading to increased joint and soft tissue stress. The proximal segments of the hip and trunk are estimated to contribute 50% of the kinetic energy and force during dynamic overhead arm activities. When throwing a baseball, force is initiated by the legs, transferred to the trunk and then to the upper extremity for ball release. The lower extremities and trunk are critical components for power generation during throwing or hitting sports. These deficits could translate to altered pitching performance and injury. Specifically in pitchers, hip abduction weakness was related to increased movement of the lower extremity and lumbopelvic regions during the dynamic SLSD task. Hip abduction strength contributes to dynamic control of the trunk and legs. Also for pitchers on the trail leg, increased hip abduction torque weakly correlated with decreased pelvic drop (r= -0.28, p=0.021). For pitchers, on the lead leg increased hip abduction torque weakly correlated with a decrease in knee valgus (r= 0.24, p=0.049). There were no significant correlations for position players. Pearson correlations examined the relationships between hip abduction torque and SLSD motions. A value of 180° indicated no knee valgus. Trunk lean, trunk flexion, pelvic drop, knee valgus, and hip flexion were measured using Dartfish at heel touchdown. Video cameras captured the SLSD, with participants standing on one leg while lowering their contralateral heel to touchdown on the floor from a 0.203m (8in.) step. Bilateral hip abduction isometric strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer (HHD), and then multiplied by distance from the greater trochanter to the HHD and expressed as hip abduction torque. One hundred-eighteen Minor League baseball players (age=21.6 ± 2.0 years n=68 pitchers, n=50 position players) participated. To determine the relationship between hip abduction isometric strength and movement during the SLSD of trunk lean, pelvic drop, knee valgus, and hip flexion. Hip abduction weakness may impact movement quality during the SLSD, however the relationships between movement and strength are unclear. The single-leg step down task (SLSD) is a clinical tool to assess movement and control of the lower extremity and trunk. |
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